email security

Email remains the primary attack vector. Despite decades of security investment, 91% of cyber attacks still begin with an email. Your employees receive these attacks daily, and a single click can compromise your entire organization.

Email security training transforms employees from potential victims into active defenders. When your workforce recognizes phishing attempts, verifies suspicious requests, and reports threats quickly, email-based attacks fail regardless of their sophistication.

Technical email security has improved. Spam filters catch obvious threats. Secure email gateways block known malicious domains. AI-powered solutions detect anomalies. Yet attacks keep succeeding.

The reason is simple: attackers adapt faster than technology. When filters block one tactic, attackers develop another. When detection catches patterns, attackers change patterns. The arms race between attackers and technology never ends.

Trained employees provide a different kind of defense. They apply judgment, recognize context, and identify threats that evade technical controls. A well-crafted spear phishing email might bypass every filter, but an employee who knows to verify unexpected requests stops the attack anyway.

These costs don’t include reputation damage, customer loss, or regulatory penalties. A single successful email attack often causes cascading harm far beyond the initial compromise.

Mass phishing casts a wide net, hoping some percentage of recipients click. These attacks mimic:

• Account alerts (“Your password expires today”)
• Shipping notifications (“Your package couldn’t be delivered”)
• Financial warnings (“Unusual activity detected”)
• IT requests (“Verify your credentials”)

While less sophisticated than targeted attacks, volume ensures success. If 1% of employees click and you have 1,000 employees, that’s 10 compromised accounts from a single campaign.

Targeted phishing uses research to create convincing messages for specific individuals. Attackers study LinkedIn profiles, company announcements, and social media to craft relevant lures.

A spear phishing email might reference:

• Recent company news or projects
• Specific colleagues by name
• Actual vendors or partners
• Real business processes

This personalization dramatically increases success rates compared to mass phishing.

BEC attacks impersonate trusted parties to manipulate employees into taking harmful actions, typically involving money or data.

Common BEC scenarios:

• CEO fraud: Attacker poses as executive requesting urgent wire transfer
• Vendor impersonation: Fake invoice with changed payment details
• Attorney impersonation: Pressure for immediate action on “confidential” matter
• Data theft: Request for employee records or financial information

BEC attacks cost organizations billions annually and often bypass technical controls entirely because they contain no malware or malicious links.

These attacks aim to steal login credentials through:

• Fake login pages mimicking real services
• “Password reset” requests that capture current credentials
• “Account verification” forms requesting sensitive data

Stolen credentials enable further attacks, from email account takeover to network compromise.

Email delivers malware through:

• Malicious attachments (documents, archives, executables)
• Links to drive-by download sites
• Embedded content that exploits vulnerabilities

Once malware executes, attackers gain foothold for ransomware deployment, data theft, or persistent access.

Train employees to examine emails critically:

Sender verification

• Check actual email address, not just display name
• Verify domain spelling (paypa1.com vs paypal.com)
• Question unexpected emails from known contacts

Content red flags

• Urgency demanding immediate action
• Threats of negative consequences
• Requests for credentials or sensitive data
• Generic greetings instead of personal address
• Grammar and spelling errors (though sophisticated attacks avoid these)

Link safety

• Hover to preview destination before clicking
• Verify URLs match expected destinations
• Watch for misleading link text
• Never enter credentials after clicking email links

Attachment caution

• Question unexpected attachments
• Be wary of uncommon file types
• Enable protected view for Office documents
• Report suspicious attachments before opening

Help employees understand (at a basic level) how email authentication works:

• SPF, DKIM, DMARC: Technical standards that verify sender legitimacy
• Why spoofing still works: Attackers use lookalike domains that pass authentication
• What employees should do: Verify through independent channels, not email alone

Establish clear guidelines:

Never:

• Send passwords or credentials via email
• Click links in unexpected security alerts
• Open attachments from unknown senders
• Trust caller ID or sender names alone
• Bypass verification procedures due to urgency

Always:

• Verify unexpected requests through separate channels
• Report suspicious emails even if uncertain
• Use bookmarks or type URLs directly for sensitive sites
• Confirm wire transfer or payment changes by phone
• Check with IT security about questionable emails

Establish specific verification procedures:

Wire transfer requests:

1. Call requester using known number (not from email)
2. Verify authorization through documented approval chain
3. Confirm account details independently
4. Document verification steps

Vendor payment changes:

1. Contact vendor using existing relationship contact
2. Verify through multiple methods before implementing
3. Implement waiting period for payment changes
4. Flag and review all payment detail modifications

Credential requests:

1. Never provide passwords via email regardless of sender
2. Report all credential requests to IT security
3. Navigate to sites directly rather than through email links
4. Contact IT through known channels to verify legitimacy

Regular phishing simulations test employee recognition in realistic scenarios. Effective simulation programs:

• Use varied attack types (different lures, tactics, sophistication levels)
• Test all employees, including executives
• Provide immediate feedback when employees click
• Track progress over time
• Focus on education, not punishment

Simulations build practical recognition skills that passive training cannot develop.

Hands-on exercises where employees practice:

• Identifying phishing versus legitimate emails
• Analyzing headers and sender information
• Making decisions under realistic conditions
• Reporting suspicious messages

Interactive training creates stronger learning than videos or documents alone.

Examine actual attacks to understand:

• How sophisticated attacks unfold
• Why victims fell for schemes
• What warning signs existed
• How similar attacks can be prevented

Real examples make abstract threats concrete and memorable.

Deliver training at relevant moments:

• Education immediately after clicking simulation
• Reminders during high-risk periods
• Updates when new threats emerge
• Reinforcement tied to actual email activity

Timely training maximizes relevance and retention.

Establish baseline through:

• Initial phishing simulation to measure click rates
• Survey to assess current knowledge
• Review of past email security incidents
• Identification of highest-risk roles

Deploy core email security education:

• Email threat landscape overview
• Recognition skills for common attacks
• Reporting procedures and resources
• Verification process training

All employees complete baseline training before advanced modules.

Launch regular phishing simulations:

• Monthly simulations for all employees
• Varied difficulty and attack types
• Immediate feedback and education
• Progress tracking and reporting

Simulations should feel like real attacks, not obvious tests.

Provide deeper training for specific needs:

• Role-specific threat training (finance, executive, IT)
• Emerging threat updates
• Scenario-based exercises
• Refresher training for struggling employees

Embed email security into organizational culture:

• Recognition for reporting
• Regular security communications
• Leadership participation and messaging
• Continuous improvement based on metrics

• Training completion rates
• Assessment scores
• Employee confidence levels
• Incident reduction
• Near-miss reports

Track improvement over time:

• Click rate changes across simulations
• Reporting rate growth
• Response time improvements
• Risk reduction across the organization

Finance teams face the highest-value email attacks:

Focus areas:

• BEC and CEO fraud recognition
• Invoice fraud detection
• Payment change verification
• Wire transfer security procedures

Simulations should include:

• Fake executive requests
• Vendor impersonation attempts
• Urgency-based payment demands
• Account detail change requests

Executives are prime targets for whaling attacks:

Focus areas:

• High-value target awareness
• Sophisticated attack recognition
• Verification importance (even for “urgent” requests)
• Leading by example

Simulations should include:

• Board member impersonation
• Legal urgency scenarios
• Confidential matter requests
• Time-sensitive authorization demands

IT employees face targeted attacks seeking system access:

Focus areas:

• Credential theft recognition
• System access request verification
• Vendor and support impersonation
• Insider threat awareness

Simulations should include:

• Fake support requests
• Credential reset attempts
• System access demands
• Technical support impersonation

Universal email security skills everyone needs:

• Basic phishing recognition
• Link and attachment safety
• Reporting procedures
• Password protection

Training works best alongside technical controls:

• Email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC)
• Advanced threat protection
• Link scanning and sandboxing
• Attachment filtering
• Impersonation detection

• Multi-person approval for significant transactions
• Out-of-band verification requirements
• Payment change waiting periods
• Documented authorization procedures

• Easy reporting mechanisms (button in email client)
• Clear escalation procedures
• Feedback loops for reporters
• Integration with security operations

Problem: Simulations designed to trick employees rather than train them. Impossible-to-detect tests create resentment without building skills.

Solution: Design simulations that challenge but are detectable with proper attention. The goal is education, not embarrassment.

Problem: Employees who click face public shaming, job consequences, or repeated remediation. This drives behavior underground rather than improving it.

Solution: Treat clicks as learning opportunities. Focus on improvement, provide support, and celebrate progress rather than punishing failure.

Problem: Annual training creates brief awareness that fades within weeks. Employees forget lessons before they encounter real attacks.

Solution: Maintain continuous touchpoints through monthly simulations, regular tips, and ongoing reinforcement.

Problem: Training uses examples irrelevant to employees’ actual work. Accountants need different scenarios than engineers.

Solution: Customize simulations and training to reflect real threats facing specific roles and your industry.

Problem: Training emphasizes recognition but neglects reporting. Employees identify threats but don’t escalate them appropriately.

Solution: Make reporting easy, celebrate reporters, and track reporting metrics alongside click rates.

Email remains the primary path attackers use to reach your employees. Technical controls block many threats but cannot stop sophisticated attacks that exploit human judgment. Email security training fills this gap.

Effective programs combine knowledge (understanding threats), practice (realistic simulations), and culture (encouraging reporting). They treat employees as partners in security rather than problems to be managed.

The investment pays returns beyond security metrics. Organizations with strong email security training experience fewer incidents, faster detection when attacks occur, reduced breach impact, and employees who feel empowered rather than victimized.

Your employees will receive malicious emails. With proper training, they’ll recognize and report them instead of clicking.

Build practical email security skills through hands-on practice. Try our free phishing simulation exercises and experience interactive training that develops real threat recognition abilities.